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Introduction: Predictions in the low-energy regime of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are made using chiral perturbation theory (ChPT). We review ChPT predictions for the polarizabilities of pions and kaons, chiral anomaly (CA) amplitudes γ→πππ (F3π), γ→ππη and γ→KKπ, as well as π0 and η lifetimes. These quantities are extracted from the small four-momentum transfer Primakoff scattering of high-energy particles (pions, kaons, γs) from virtual photons in the Coulomb field of an atomic nucleus. Methods: Ongoing and future Primakoff experiments are needed to obtain these data and to compare them with 2-flavor (u,d) and 3-flavor (u,d,s) ChPT in order to evaluate how well ChPT describes the data. Results: Jefferson Laboratory (JLab) PrimEx π0 lifetime, CERN COMPASS F3π CA amplitude, and CERN COMPASS pion polarizability data agree with 2-flavor ChPT predictions. This agreement reinforces the identification of the pion as a Goldstone boson. The 3-flavor 2-loop ChPT result for the π0 lifetime is approximately 4% lower than the 2-flavor value owing to isospin breaking and mixing of small η and η′ components into the π0 wave function. It is 2.4% lower than the PrimEx value, suggesting potential shortcomings in 3-flavor ChPT. Discussion: Transitioning from 2-flavor to 3-flavor ChPT incorporates a strange quark, which is essential for understanding the dynamics of light mesons (pions, kaons, etas). Future CERN AMBER studies of kaon polarizabilities and chiral anomaly amplitudes, as well as JLab studies of the η lifetime, are needed to assess the ability of the model to capture the effects of strange quarks. Quantum Sensors: ChPT results for pion polarizabilities, anomalies, and neutral meson lifetimes supply essential low energy hadronic theory and matrix elements needed to interpret, calibrate, and model signals and backgrounds in many quantum sensor experiments that probe fundamental physics.References: arXiv:2509.04649, www.worldscientific.com/doi/10.1142/S0217751X25300145