Sensors (Chris)
- 3D: Challenge is manufacturability: how to engineer gain. Otherwise, w/o gain these sensors are too noisy
- (AC-coupled) LGAD: Practical to build. Fast and good resolution. Challenge is radiation hardness. Depending on the radial layer, this might be the best option for LS4.
- MAPS: Requires to convince a Foundry to incorporate gain into their process. Extremely unlikely (and rsiky).
Electronics (Angelo)
- Going to 25x25um means x4 increase in electronics and power. It will be very difficult to fit a TDC architecture in such small area. The solution might be to go the deeper 28nm technology.
- Note that better resolution --> more electronics --> larger area for circuits
- Other considerations are dynamic range, and conversion time (dead time)
- 28nm likely to be more rad-hard and use less power.
- In summary, 28nm technology seems to be an extremely promising venue for 4D tracking elecgronics: very fast, less power, can fit more electronics --> better resolution, more rad-hard, and because one can fit more electronics, likely better dynamic range.
Next steps:
- Need to develop a full concept: AC-LGAD // Front End + TDC (28nm) // Readout
- Lots of R&D require --> need to find collaborators and build prototypes
- Consider two different use cases with very different approaches:
- LS4: likely only 1 layer (2nd or 3rd due to radiation considerations)
- future collider
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